The user parameter was omitted from the snowflake.connector.connect() call. The environment variable supplying the username (e.g., SNOWFLAKE_USER) is not set. The connection profile (connections.toml) is missing the user field. Secrets manager returning an empty or null value for the username key. Using key-pair auth but forgetting that user is still required

Add user=' ' to the connect() call.. Verify the env var: echo $SNOWFLAKE_USER.. For key-pair auth, user is still required alongside private_key — add both.. Check your connections.toml or config file for a non-empty user field.. When using a service account, use the Snowflake login name (not the email) as the user value.

Low severityconfigurationSnowflake →

Power BI Refresh Error:
251005

What does this error mean?

The Python connector was called without a username. The user parameter is required unless connecting via browser-based SSO or a token-based method that does not require a username.

Common causes

1The user parameter was omitted from the snowflake.connector.connect() call
2The environment variable supplying the username (e.g., SNOWFLAKE_USER) is not set
3The connection profile (connections.toml) is missing the user field
4Secrets manager returning an empty or null value for the username key
5Using key-pair auth but forgetting that user is still required

How to fix it

1Add user='<your_username>' to the connect() call.
2Verify the env var: echo $SNOWFLAKE_USER.
3For key-pair auth, user is still required alongside private_key — add both.
4Check your connections.toml or config file for a non-empty user field.
5When using a service account, use the Snowflake login name (not the email) as the user value.

Frequently asked questions

Is user required for key-pair authentication?

Yes — even with key-pair auth you must provide user. The private_key authenticates you, but Snowflake needs the username to look up the corresponding public key.

Can I use an email address as the user?

Only if the Snowflake user's LOGIN_NAME is set to the email. By default, use the Snowflake username (visible in SHOW USERS).

Official documentation: https://github.com/snowflakedb/snowflake-connector-python/blob/main/src/snowflake/connector/errorcode.py